THE YEAR IS 2015…
In 1972 Astronaut Gene Cernan left the lunar surface
in the ascent module of his LEM Challenger. No
human has set foot on the Moon since.
That is about to change.
A select group of cadets have undergone an intensive
training course and and are now prepared to return to the
Moon — and this time, they are going to stay.
Challenger Learning Center of Arizona is very proud to
present the crew of the first "Return to the
Moon" mission to be flown at our Center. These
cadets were each outstanding, and each was vital to the
success of the mission. The crew was divided into three
teams and was trained in three areas critical to the
performance of the mission: astrogation, life sciences,
and geology. During the course of the mission, the
spacecraft encountered several in-flight emergencies, and
the crew pulled together their expertise to resolve the
problems and continue the mission to a successful landing
of the Lunar Colony Module.
THE CREW
Team Tycho
- Kelly Almassy, Medical Officer
- Chelsea Cohen, Data Officer
- Mason Conley, Remote Team Geologist
- Anthony DalSoglio, Remote Team Geologist
- Alex Flanders, Isolation Robotics Specialist
- Jessica Heil, Life Support Systems Engineer
- Brian Palmer, Probe Construction Team
- Aaron Zint, Probe Construction Team
Team Kepler
- Jonathon Gelbart, Navigation Officer
- J.T. Irvine, Navigation Officer
- Robinson Maynes, Medical Officer
- Kaitlyn McCanna, Communications Officer
- Julie Swarstad, Data Officer
- Jordan Thorlin, Life Support Systems Engineer
- CJ Watt, Communications Officer
- Dustin Wood, Isolation Robotics Specialist
- Rosie Zwart, Probe Construction Team
Team Plato
- Alexandria Gendreau, Life Support Systems
Engineer
- Christian Hammon, Isolation Robotics Specialist
- Andrew King, Probe Construction Team
- Robbie Kissinger, Navigation Officer
- Anthony Luka, Isolation Robotics Officer
- Kenny Molnar, Remote Team Geologist
- Brittny Oxford, Remote Team Geologist
- Amber Whalen, Navigation Officer
THE TRAINING
The crew was trained by four top-notch instructors.
Each day, team members studied one of three fields, each
vital to the mission. In addition to the three main
areas, each day emphasized teamwork, communication, and
problem solving — all essential skills to reach the
Moon.
ASTROGATION
Instructor: CDR Keith "Kilo" Watt, CLCAZ
In the astrogation course, each cadet learned the
fundamental properties of orbital mechanics, including:
- How do we communicate in space? Why is it so
difficult?
- Is there gravity in space? Why do objects orbit?
What does it feel like to be in space?
- What quantities describe the size and shape of
the orbit? How does the orbital period relate to
them?
- What are the closest and farthest points in a
orbit called?
- How do we find our position in space? How do we
measure distances in space?
- What makes an airplane fly? How does a rocket
work? What is Newton’s Third Law?
- What engine properties determine how high a
rocket flies? What trecovery systems are used by
rockets?
- What ground support crew is needed to safely
launch a rocket?
The cadets discovered the answers to each of these
questions through their own investigations and
observations. The culmination of the course was the
successful launching of several different types of model
rockets, including one carrying an on-board camera in its
nose cone. Shown below are actual in-flight photos taken
by the cadets’ AstroCam rocket:
Overlooking northern Peoria, near Frontier Elementary
Clouds, as seen from an altitude of
approximately 700 feet
LIFE SCIENCES
Instructors: "Dr." Tad Int-Hout and
"Dr." Sally Watt
The life sciences course prepared the cadets for the
physiological realities of spaceflight. Cadets learned to
perform vital medical and life support system test —
many of which were used on-board the spacecraft to
monitor the health of the crew and the spacecraft itself
— as well as numerous experiments which tested the human
body’s physiological response to the stress.
- What is the scientific method? Why is it so
important?
- What is an acid? What is a base? How do we
measure the pH of a liquid? What is a safe pH
range?
- How does the body’s heart rate change when
exposed to stresses such as very warm and very
cold temperatures?
- How does the body’s heart rate change when the
body is in different positions (standing,
sitting, or lying down)?
- How does visual perception and reaction time
change with age?
- How difficult is it to transmit visual images
verbally through space? How can we communicate
most effectively?
The cadets not only conducted explorations to answer
all of these questions, they learned the mathematical
skills, such as averaging and graphing, they needed to
accurately characterize their results and conclusions.
LUNAR GEOLOGY
Instructor: "Prof." Steve Chilese
No one can expect to travel to the Moon without having
a firm idea of what he or she will find there. The
geology course provided this essential information which
was of special use to the navigation team (in identifying
possible landing sites) as well as the Remote Team (who
handled samples of lunar rocks and regolith recovered by
the Probe Team). Specific areas of investigation
included:
- What types of rocks do we find on the Moon?
- What are the three geological types of rocks?
- What is a crater? How are they formed? What is
the effect of different impacting rocks upon
different types of lunar terrain?
- What are maria? How are they formed?
- What are some of the most prominent lunar surface
features visible from Earth and from lunar orbit?
- What effect does a rock’s color have upon its
temperature?
The cadets received a rather vivid illustration of how
craters form when they created their own craters by
dropping various types of rocks upon a simulated lunar
terrain. The knowledge the cadets gained in this course
was put to good use in determining the final site for the
first lunar colony.
THE MISSION
The mission was a total success: based upon data
received in-flight from a retrieved probe which had been
stranded in Earth orbit, the crew chose a landing site
for the first lunar colony, navigated the spacecraft into
lunar orbit, and brought the ship down safely for a
successful landing. Accomplishing this mission was
neither simple nor routine, however. A number of
in-flight emergencies developed which forced the crew to
react quickly and as a team in order to resolve them. One
of the most serious emergencies encountered was a faulty
LiOH canister (used to scrub carbon dioxide from the
spacecraft’s atmosphere). With the carbon dioxide levels
rising, the crew decided upon a "free-return
orbit" scenario, similar to that used by the Apollo
13 crew. The first crew quickly returned to Earth for the
needed parts, and a relief crew was sent to continue the
mission. Without the contribution of each and every team
member, both on board the spacecraft and in mission
control, the mission had no chance of success whatsoever.
The successful landing was a tribute to the crew’s
teamwork and skill. Below are photos taken during the
course of the mission, which show highlights from this
historic flight.
Click the photos
to get the full size view
Mission Control for
"Return to the Moon"
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The Commander briefs the crew
just prior to separation from the ISS.
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Communications Officer Kaitlyn
McCanna maintains the link to the spacecraft.
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Remote Team Geologists Kenny
Molnar and Anthony DalSoglio study lunar regolith
samples, while Life Support Systems Engineer
Jordan Thorlin confers with the Commander.
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Navigation Officers Amber
Whalen and Jonathon Gelbart run simulations to
determine the proper thrust for landing, while
Medical Officer Robinson Maynes receives data on
the crew.
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Navigation Officers Robbie
Kissinger and J.T. Irvine consult with LCDR Gayle
Glusman about possible alternate landing sites,
as Data Officer Julie Swarstad sends their
results to Mission Control.
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Life Support Systems Engineer
Alexandria Gendreau helps deal with an emergency
on board the spacecraft, while Remote Team
Geologists Mason Conley and Brittny Oxford work
to choose a landing site for the colony.
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Probe Construction Team members
Aaron Zint and Rosie Zwart watch the LCEM launch
along with Medical Officer Kelly Almassy.
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A Personal Note from the Commander:
"I would like to take this opportunity to state
just how proud I am of this particular crew. Never in my
experience have I worked with a more talented and
motivated team. It is my hope that you will continue to
expand your skills and knowledge and go on to reach even
greater accomplishments. I hope you will all keep in
touch — I’ll fly with you anytime."
– CDR Keith "Kilo" Watt, CLCAZ
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